Tag Archives: law

Georgia scraps army conscription

TBILISI, JUNE 27 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) — Georgia will scrap conscription into its army in 2017, the first country in the South Caucasus and Central Asia to ditch this Soviet military legacy.

Ditching conscription is considered a major step by Georgia towards becoming a modern army fit to join NATO, one of its key policy objectives. In reality, its 37,000-person army had already been remade in the image of a professional Western army, carrying US-made weapons, wearing US-style uniforms and fighting alongside NATO forces in Afghanistan and the US in Iraq.

Only 10% of this standing army was made up of conscripts and they filled non-combat roles. It was also relatively easy to opt out of conscription. This contrasts with the rest of the region’s militaries which are still heavily reliant on conscription and are rife with allegations of bullying.

Defence minister Tina Khidasheli said she had ditched conscription, first discussed in 2013, because it was simply no longer needed.

“The Georgian Armed Forces do not need a service member brought in on a compulsory basis,” media quoted her as saying.

The ditching of conscription will only apply to the army and not to other security services run by the interior ministry or the prison service which are still reliant on conscripts.

And the decision to scrap conscription received a mixed response in Georgia. Some remembered the role that conscription had played in bolstering Georgia’s large reserve army, mobilised in its 2008 war with Russia.

“This decision, like others taken in this period, has been made only because of the election campaign,” a 26-year old man told The Conway Bulletin’s correspondent in Tbilisi.

Georgia holds a parliamentary election in October.

Others said scrapping conscription showed Georgia was progressing. “It sounds good that in our country military service is not mandatory and we are not getting ready for a war,” said another 31-year-old man.

“This somehow emphasises that Georgia is a peaceful country.”

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(News report from Issue No. 287, published on July 1 2016)

Editorial: Military conscription

JULY 1 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) — Georgia’s decision to scrap conscription for its army comes as no surprise. It has been moving in this direction for some time. The Georgian army is a modern Western army that has fought battles in Iraq and Afghanistan alongside members of NATO, a club it longs to join.

What is more critical is the timing of the announcement and the way it was delivered. Tina Khidasheli, Georgia’s defence minister, took it upon herself to cancel conscription from 2017. She sidestepped a debate in parliament and also presidential permission. It was a unilateral decision.

Ms Khidasheli is a member of the Republican Party, part of the Georgian Dream coalition government. The Republican Party, though, has said that it will fight a parliamentary election in October outside the government coalition. The problem with this approach, though, is that while it sets the Republican party apart it has to improve its polling, hovering around 1%.

The decision to scrap conscription in the Georgian army is a historic first for Central Asia and the South Caucasus. The timing, though, should perhaps be seen against the backdrop of an unpredictable election.

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(Editorial from Issue No. 287, published on July 1 2016)

Kyrgyzstan’s Supreme Court changes Askarov sentence

JUNE 22 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) – Kyrgyzstan’s Supreme Court said it would reconsider a life sentence levied against Azimzhan Askarov, a prominent human rights defender, on July 11. Police arrested Askarov in the aftermath of clashes in 2010 that toppled President Kurmanbek Bakiyev’s government for inciting ethnic hatred. Pressured by US lobby groups, who have held up Askarov as a human rights champion, the Court had announced in April that it would revise the sentence.

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(News report from Issue No. 286, published on June 24 2016)

Kazakh MPs approve moratorium on land code changes

ALMATY, JUNE 23 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) — In a surprise move, Kazakhstan’s parliament voted to approve a moratorium laid down by President Nursultan Nazarbayev earlier this year on reforms to the country’s land code.

Although the vote doesn’t change the process, it does confirm that Mr Nazarbayev and the Kazakh elite have delayed controversial changes to the land code until at least January.

The changes to the land code, that would have made it easier for foreigners to own and rent land, triggered a wave of protests across the country in April and May. These were the largest popular protests against Mr Nazarbayev since he took office in 1991, forcing him to announce the moratorium.

He also heaped blame on government officials for the mishandling of the land code reform that had been designed to attract much-needed foreign investment.

Like the rest of the region, Kazakhstan has been dealing with a sharp economic downturn that has hit its finances. It is heavily reliant on sales of oil and gas for its income, both of which has plummeted in value since mid-2014.

There were some suspicions that the land reform proposal were being used by opponents of Mr Nazarbayev to whip up a popular revolt against him.

The authorities accused the boss of a brewery in Shymkent for attempting a coup.

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(News report from Issue No. 286, published on June 24 2016)

Kyrgyzstan considers language test

JUNE 23 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) – Kyrgyzstan’s National Migration Service said it is considering setting up a Kyrgyz language proficiency rule for foreign workers in the country, a move that is effectively aimed at reducing the number of Chinese foreign workers in the country. According to official sources, Chinese workers represent the vast majority of foreign workers in Kyrgyzstan.

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(News report from Issue No. 286, published on June 24 2016)

Georgia MPs allow PM to stand in parliamentary vote

TBILISI, JUNE 22 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) — Georgian MPs voted to modify the election code to allow the PM to run for parliamentary elections without having to resign, a major blow to the opposition’s calls for separation of powers.

The bill, which included other technicalities, such as free airtime for parties, was approved with a 79-1 majority.

The defenders of the bill said that it is constitutionally illogical to be left without a government during an election campaign, or to have to form an interim government, if the PM was forced to resign to run for MP.

“To have to form a new government, which could change completely within two months, just before a parliamentary election is not appropriate for the stability of a con- constitutional system,” Vakhtang Khmaladze, MP for the Georgian Dream, said as he presented the bill.

Georgia’s President Giorgi Margvelashvili will have to sign the bill before it enters into force.

The Georgian Dream coalition, although showing cracks as the election campaign builds up, voted en masse to back the proposal, which will allow PM Giorgi Kvirikashvili to run for MP without having to resign.

On Oct. 8, Georgia will vote to elect a new Parliament. The opposing factions are already gearing up to what analysts have said will be a heated political campaign, fought between two deeply opposed sides.

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(News report from Issue No. 286, published on June 24 2016)

Kyrgyz MPs pass media bill

BISHKEK, JUNE 22 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) — Kyrgyzstan’s parliament passed the first reading of a law that will restrict foreign funding of TV channels, a move its proponents have said is vital to protect media integrity but its detractors have said limits freedom.

The bill, which will have to be passed two more times, cuts the share of foreign financing for mass media outlets down to 35% and prohibits any foreign parties from establishing TV channels in Kyrgyzstan.

Media reported that the bill had been passed by 79 votes to 30.

Medet Tiulegenov, a political studies expert, said that the bill may have been pushed through by MPs to feed off popular mistrust of foreigners and boost their profile.

“By promoting a law against foreign investments in local media, MPs are trying to listen to that part of the population, which blames foreigners for problems here,” he said. “There are many MPs, who are not well-known among the population yet, but would like to get attention and popularity.”

This is the second major stand-off in Kyrgyzstan this year between groups of conservative, nationalist MPs and rights campaigners. Earlier this year, at the final reading, parliament rejected a bill that would have banned NGOs from directly receiving foreign funding.

Critics of the bill have said that its main aim was to close down the local office of the US-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.

Begaim Usenova, a Kyrgyz media expert, said that this law is another attempt to restrict people’s freedom. “It is incorrect to say that foreign funded media sources are a threat to the state, the bill’s initiators could not prove that there has ever been such a case,” she said.

And the bill appears to have already been watered down after protests by a few dozen people in front of parliament. Restrictions on foreign funding of media were reduced to just TV, rather than including print and radio too.

Still, the bill does carry a degree of popular support in Kyrgyzstan.

Yulia, 33, a Bishkek resident, said: “This is a good law, as every foreigner has its own interests, whereas we have to care about our security.”

And Dauren, 30, another Bishkek resident, said: “I am happy that there are more Kyrgyz patriots in our parliament than western lobbyists.”

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(News report from Issue No. 286, published on June 24 2016)

Armenians criticise tax revamp

JUNE 22 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) – Political and institutional figures have harshly criticised a new tax code that parliament approved last week during the first reading of the bill. Mans Tandilyan, a high-ranking member of the Lusavor Hayastan party, said the new code will negatively affect small and medium businesses. Tigran Jrbashyan, president of the American Chamber of Commerce in Armenia, warned that, if passed, the law would send Armenia into a recession. The new tax law, approved on June 15, will increase excise taxes on fuel, tobacco and alcohol and increase income tax.

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(News report from Issue No. 286, published on June 24 2016)

ECHR says Georgian prosecutors abused their power

JUNE 10 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) – The European Court of Human Rights said in a ruling that Georgian prosecutors abused their power during the pre-trial detention of Georgia’s ex-interior minister Vano Merabishvili in an effort to extract information regarding the unrelated trial against former President Mikhail Saakashvili. Merabishvili was arrested in May 2013 on charges of vote fraud and embezzlement of party funds. He said the charges were politically motivated.

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(News report from Issue No. 285, published on June 17 2016)

Tajikistan tightens advertising ban

JUNE 15 2016 (The Conway Bulletin) – Tajik authorities have said they would fine shop-owners in Dushanbe for violating a law that bans outdoor advertising, theAsia Plus news agency reported. The authorities claim that the law, in force since 2007, also applies to storefronts, not just billboards. Shop-owners will have to take down their signs or risk a fine up to 20,000 somoni ($2,500).

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(News report from Issue No. 285, published on June 17 2016)